Echoes of the Birth: Mapping Acoustic Oscillations in the Cosmic Microwave Background

 The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal afterglow of the Big Bang, released during the epoch of recombination approximately 380,000 years post-expansion. We present an analysis of the temperature and polarization power spectra derived from full-sky satellite observations, focusing on the acoustic peak structure. These peaks arise from baryon-photon oscillations in the primordial plasma, and their angular scale provides a precise geometric measure of the universe’s curvature and age. Our results confirm a spatially flat universe to within 0.4% and establish the Hubble constant (H₀) at 67.4 ± 0.5 km/s/Mpc from the early universe alone. The polarization data further constrain the optical depth due to reionization, placing the first stars at a redshift of z ≈ 7.7. We conclude that the CMB remains the most powerful single probe of the Big Bang’s geometry and composition.